My+Notes+(S)

toc =General Notes= Classical Theory of the State - Weber: State is the bureaucracy and administrative apparatus of the government and maintains a monopoly over the legitimate use of power. - Dahl: Pluralism: state is the agent of the government. - Locke: State is a contractual entity that people enter into in order to ensure the distinction between their public and private lives. The state as arising out of war - Tilly: both war-making and state-making are quintessential protection rackets. state has the advantage of legitimacy. ...banditry vs. state-controlled violence. The state as arising out of economic impetus - Neomarxist: - Milleband: State is the executive committee of the bourgeoisie. - Poulantzas: Any social class can realize its power through state. - Gramsci: the state constructs a hegemony, setting out social values that make it easier or harder for people to behave themselves. - Histroucal Institutionalists: - Katzenstein: Degree of state centralization v. degree of social centralization. - Bates: State is an institution necessary to development since it offers security, welfare, and provides protection. - Classical-Plus Theories of the State - Spruyt: Monopoly on the legitimate use of force, warfare, rationalized-legal administrations, loyalties, territorial space. - Cross-cultural theories of the State - Geertz: State is the master narrative of what people want their society to be. - Spruyt: states emerge by fiat rather than warfare. - Vu: bureaucratic centralization - Scott: THe state is an apparatus which increases the order and legibility of its subjects.

Demise of the State: Against the Demise of state:
 * Anthropological: Almond and Coleman, Gluckman
 * International Relations: Keohane and Nye, Fudenberg and Maskin
 * Anarchists: Taylor, 1987
 * Libertarians: Buchanan and Tullock 1962
 * Scott & reduced state.
 * Bates: the anthropological argument does no take into account poverty, poverty can result from statelessness.
 * Geertz:
 * Weber
 * Locke
 * Neo-marxism
 * Katzenstein.

State-civil society interaction - Chandhoke, Scott, Gramsci =Reading Citations= Robert Bates The main thesis is: "no state, no development".
 * 1) North vs. Weingast
 * 2) Almond and Coleman vs. Gluckman
 * 3) IR Theories
 * 4) Development of the state: demand-driven, conquest, competition

Government can either extract wealth (no state) or protect its creation (state).

Spruyt: Key features of modern states is that they have (1) a monopoly on the legitimate of force (2) rationalized-legal administrations (3) the loyalties of the population.

Hypotheses for state formation: H1: Warfare explanation: changes in military needs favored mobilization of large armies - kings. H2: Economic explanations: economic change caused the demise of personalized feudalistic rule (Neo-Marxist and Neo-institutionalist) H3: Ideology explanation: collective belief towards individualism and rationality.

Hypotheses for emergence for different regime types: - Frequent and intense warfare => authoritarian regimes - Land based militaries are more likely to lead to authoritarian regimes than naval militaries - Lots of money => decreased likelihood of absolutism - High volume of trade => strong urban base => hard to be a dictator - catch-up with modernization from top down => authoritarianism

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Tilly Governments sell protection. State has legitimacy. The more costly the activity, the greater was the organizational residue.

Vu

Bureaucratic centralization. States are not only material but cultural.